翻譯練習(中翻英) - 2 -
存在先於本質.
Existence is prior to Essence.
...
Essence and Existence
Essence (from Latin, essentia, from esse, be) is that which makes a thing what it is and without which it would not be what it is.
Essence is often contrasted in abstraction with Existence. But for philosophers who take the concept of essence seriously, a thing could not exist without having an essence. Therefore, Essence is prior to Existence.
....
西方的人文主義傳統,從基督教到啟蒙運動,皆主張普遍的人性(human nature)。根據基督教的神學,人性是就“受造物”來瞭解。作為造物者的上帝,依其概念造人,猶如工匠依藍圖造物。人的存在是個殊的,人的本質則是普遍的概念。邏輯地說或存有論地說,人“本質”先於人的“存在”。到了啟蒙運動,如狄多羅,伏爾泰,甚至於康德,雖然不再接受中世紀的神學觀點,卻仍繼承“本質先於存在”(essence is prior to existence)的人觀,即個人只是人底普遍概念(人性)的具體存在而已。但是到了二十世紀,存在主義哲學家沙特提出“存在先於本質”(existence is prior to essence)的人觀。對沙特來說,人無所謂“人性”或“普遍概念”以為人之自我實現的目的。他說,人無“人性”可言,因此無法定義。人之為人,並非有什麼“本質”可言,而全在於人之“成為”人自己。對沙特來說,人是企向未來的存在,在企向(projection)之前原是“一無所有”(nothing),無所謂“本質”或“人性”可言。沙特因此提出有名的“存在先於本質”(existence is prior to essence)之說,此“存在”即是人的主觀性選擇與行動。
Existence is prior to Essence.
...
Essence and Existence
Essence (from Latin, essentia, from esse, be) is that which makes a thing what it is and without which it would not be what it is.
Essence is often contrasted in abstraction with Existence. But for philosophers who take the concept of essence seriously, a thing could not exist without having an essence. Therefore, Essence is prior to Existence.
....
西方的人文主義傳統,從基督教到啟蒙運動,皆主張普遍的人性(human nature)。根據基督教的神學,人性是就“受造物”來瞭解。作為造物者的上帝,依其概念造人,猶如工匠依藍圖造物。人的存在是個殊的,人的本質則是普遍的概念。邏輯地說或存有論地說,人“本質”先於人的“存在”。到了啟蒙運動,如狄多羅,伏爾泰,甚至於康德,雖然不再接受中世紀的神學觀點,卻仍繼承“本質先於存在”(essence is prior to existence)的人觀,即個人只是人底普遍概念(人性)的具體存在而已。但是到了二十世紀,存在主義哲學家沙特提出“存在先於本質”(existence is prior to essence)的人觀。對沙特來說,人無所謂“人性”或“普遍概念”以為人之自我實現的目的。他說,人無“人性”可言,因此無法定義。人之為人,並非有什麼“本質”可言,而全在於人之“成為”人自己。對沙特來說,人是企向未來的存在,在企向(projection)之前原是“一無所有”(nothing),無所謂“本質”或“人性”可言。沙特因此提出有名的“存在先於本質”(existence is prior to essence)之說,此“存在”即是人的主觀性選擇與行動。


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